Smart electrochemical immunosensing of aflatoxin B1 based on a palladium nanoparticle-boron nitride-coated carbon felt electrode for the wine industry

This study describes the fabrication of an aflatoxin (AFB1) electrochemical immunosensor by immobilization anti-AFB1 antibody-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate on a layer L-cysteine (L-Cys) used to link antibody palladium nanoparticle-boron nitride (PdNP-BN)-modified carbon felt (CF) electrode. Each step was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These two analyses demonstrated that BN acted as substrate for PdNPs also electroactive material enhanced electrical conductivity. Different features (antibody concentration, pH, incubation time) were optimized enhance analytical performance. In these conditions, fabricated displayed large linear range (1–10 ng mL?1; R2 = 0.9987), low limit detection (0.834 mL?1 AFB1), stable up 3 weeks. The could detect AFB1 in wine samples with recovery levels 93–106%. Lastly, Monte Carlo simulation studies confirmed stronger binding antibody-BSA L-Cys/PdNP-BN/CF electrode surface, molecular docking BSA subdomain II antibody.